The IoT-Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (IoT-DEEC) Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Received: 3 December 2024 | Revised: 12 January 2025 | Accepted: 18 January 2025 | Online: 6 October 2025
Corresponding author: Ekhlas Kadhum Hamza
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of many small devices that have a scarce amount of energy, and an efficient routing protocol is needed to prolong its lifetime. Although most cluster-based related protocols deal with energy heterogeneity, they tend to disregard two important values, the distance between the nodes and the Base Station (BS) and the average inter-node distance. The present paper proposes IoT-DEEC, a hierarchical, multi-radio, multi-channel protocol that tries to overcome these limitations. The selection of Cluster Head (CH) is done on the basis of residual energy, node-to-CH distance, and CH-to-BS distance while a sleep and wake-up mechanism is involved to save energy. Distant node management is a IoT-DEEC feature that implements a threshold energy model. The simulation results indicate that IoT-DEEC drastically enhances the performance of the network compared to TDEEC, with more alive nodes per round, less dead nodes, more packet transmissions to the BS, and less energy consumption.
Keywords:
IoT-DEEC, CH, BS, WSNsDownloads
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Copyright (c) 2025 Reham Ismail Ibrahem, Ekhlas Kadhum Hamza
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