An ALO-Tuned 2DOF-PID Controller for Enhanced Frequency Regulation in Hybrid PV–Thermal Power Systems

Authors

  • Sitthisak Audomsi Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
  • Chatmongkol Areeyat Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
  • Jagraphon Obma Department of Computer Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology ISAN, Khonkaen Campus, Khonkaen, Thailand
  • Xiaoqing Yang Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanxi, China
  • Worawat Sa-ngiamvibool Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand | Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Volume: 15 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 26517-26522 | October 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.12831

Received: 19 June 2025 | Revised: 30 June 2025 and 11 July 2025 | Accepted: 13 July 2025 | Online: 10 August 2025


Corresponding author: Worawat Sa-ngiamvibool

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of a two-degree-of-freedom PID (2DOF-PID) controller using the Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) for enhanced frequency regulation in a hybrid Photovoltaic (PV)–Reheat Thermal Power System under sudden load disturbances. To benchmark performance, conventional PID and PI controllers were also tested to assess their ability to minimize the frequency fluctuations and manage the inter-area power exchanges. Simulations were carried out in MATLAB/Simulink using a dual-area dynamic model, and the performance was evaluated based on standard control metrics, including the settling time, overshoot/undershoot, and the Integral of Absolute Error (IAE). The results indicate that the ALO-optimized 2DOF-PID controller reduced the average settling time by nearly 40% and IAE by 12.6%, compared to the best-performing PID controller in the benchmark group. These findings highlight the advantages of combining the 2DOF-PID architecture with an evolutionary optimization strategy, offering improved dynamic and nonlinear control performance. The proposed approach shows strong potential for application in next-generation renewable energy systems and smart grids.

Keywords:

Ant Lion Optimization (ALO), 2DOF-PID controller, hybrid power system, load frequency control, PV-Reheat Thermal Power System

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How to Cite

[1]
S. Audomsi, C. Areeyat, J. Obma, X. Yang, and W. Sa-ngiamvibool, “An ALO-Tuned 2DOF-PID Controller for Enhanced Frequency Regulation in Hybrid PV–Thermal Power Systems”, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 26517–26522, Oct. 2025.

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