AI-Enhanced Hybrid PoW/PoS Consensus for Secure and Energy-Efficient Blockchain Microgrids

Authors

  • Sadly Syamsuddin Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia | Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Dipa Makassar University, Indonesia
  • Salama Manjang Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Bachtiar Nappu Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
  • Ady Wahyudi Paundu Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Volume: 15 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 25395-25401 | August 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.12218

Received: 19 May 2025 | Revised: 11 June 2025 and 16 June 2025 | Accepted: 18 June 2025 | Online: 2 August 2025


Corresponding author: Sadly Syamsuddin

Abstract

This study proposes the integration of a hybrid Proof of Work/Proof of Stake (PoW/PoS) consensus mechanism with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for anomaly detection in blockchain-based microgrids. The hybrid PoW/PoS model is designed to address common issues in blockchain systems, such as 51% attacks, double-spending, and high energy consumption, by optimizing energy usage and enhancing security. Simulation results show that the system can process transactions with an average throughput of 37.25 transactions per second (TPS), an average latency of 26.84 milliseconds per transaction (ms/tx), and extremely efficient energy consumption per transaction (0.01 kWh/tx). The LSTM model applied for anomaly detection achieves an 89.10% detection rate, a 0.00% false positive rate, and a 0.12 s recovery time, indicating the system's reliability in facing attacks. The hybrid PoW/PoS system demonstrates advantages in both energy efficiency and resilience to attacks compared to individual PoW and PoS systems. This research contributes to the development of safer, more efficient, and scalable blockchain-based microgrids by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) to strengthen the system against anomalies and threats.

Keywords:

renewable energy, microgrid, blockchain, hybrid PoW/PoS, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)

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How to Cite

[1]
S. Syamsuddin, S. Manjang, M. B. Nappu, and A. W. Paundu, “AI-Enhanced Hybrid PoW/PoS Consensus for Secure and Energy-Efficient Blockchain Microgrids”, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 25395–25401, Aug. 2025.

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