The Mechanical Performance of Eggshell and Date Seed Powder Eco-Friendly Composite Materials
Received: 11 May 2025 | Revised: 18 June 2025 | Accepted: 28 June 2025 | Online: 9 July 2025
Corresponding author: Ahmed Abdulsahib Salman
Abstract
This study aims to improve the mechanical performance of environmentally friendly composite materials using Eggshell Powder (ESP) and Date Seed Powder (DSP) as reinforcement materials in epoxy resin. The samples were prepared with different weight ratios (35%, 45%, and 55%) and different particle sizes (ESP: 220 and 425 μm; DSP: 850 and 1150 μm), and tested according to the international standards for the evaluation of hardness, tensile strength, flexural, and impact resistance. The findings revealed that increasing the weight fraction led to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties, with the DSP sample recording 850 μm at 55%, the highest tensile strength (67.3 MPa) and hardness (100.3 HV), due to the homogeneous distribution of particles and their strong bonding with the base material. The results also exhibited that the smaller particles (ESP 220 μm) outperformed hardness (115.3 HV), while the larger particles (DSP 1150 μm) excelled in impact resistance (16.9 J/cm2) for their ability to absorb energy. The DSP 850 μm sample scored superior values in most tests, making it ideal for structural applications requiring high durability. The study confirms that DSP and ESP-enhanced composite materials are a promising alternative to conventional materials, with a balance between sustainability and mechanical performance. DSP 850 μm with 55% is proposed for high-demand applications, and DSP 1150 μm for those requiring shock resistance.
Keywords:
environmentally friendly composite materials, eggshell, date seed, weight fraction, particle size, mechanical propertiesDownloads
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