Development and Validation of a Soil pH Monitoring Algorithm

Authors

  • Assel S. Tulebekova L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
  • Aliya K. Aldungarova International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • Dauren Yessentay L. B. Goncharov Kazakh Automobile and Road Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • Akmaral O. Sagybekova L. B. Goncharov Kazakh Automobile and Road Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • Alexey G. Belov L. B. Goncharov Kazakh Automobile and Road Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Volume: 15 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 26765-26770 | October 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.11989

Abstract

In the context of the ongoing digitalization in engineering education, this study presents the development and validation of a soil pH monitoring algorithm. Laboratory tests were performed on soils treated with various additives to monitor the pH trends over a 14-day period. These empirical results served as the foundation for designing a simulation that models the observed dynamics of the soil behavior. The simulation algorithm supports the core learning in the "Soil Mechanics" module by providing a structured view of how the pH varies over time. According to an expert evaluation, it achieved 97% accuracy (88 out of 90 points), confirming both its technical validity and educational relevance. The resulting simulation algorithm can be tailored for different instructional and research applications. These findings underscore the importance of integrating experimental data into digital learning environments and demonstrate the potential of such approaches to enhance applied learning, particularly in settings where the access to laboratories is limited.

Keywords:

pH sensor, soil monitoring, biopolymer, simulation algorithm, digital learning

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

N. Thanachawengsakul and P. Wannapiroon, "Development of a Learning Ecosystem Using Digital Knowledge Engineering Through MOOCs Knowledge Repository System," International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP), vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 35–48, Jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v11i1.15011.

L. N. Fewella, L. M. Khodeir, and A. H. Swidan, "Impact of Integrated E-learning: Traditional Approach to Teaching Engineering Perspective Courses," International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP), vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 82–101, Mar. 2021, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v11i2.17777.

D. Nikolic, S. Jaruhar, and J. I. Messner, "An Educational Simulation in Construction: The Virtual Construction Simulator," in Computing in Civil Engineering (2009), Austin, Texas, United States, Jun. 2009, pp. 633–642, https://doi.org/10.1061/41052(346)63.

S. Vassigh et al., "Teaching Building Sciences in Immersive Environments: A Prototype Design, Implementation, and Assessment," International Journal of Construction Education and Research, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 180–196, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2018.1525445.

M. Alkhatib, Y. Qu, R. Cai, R. A. G. Unglaub, and R. Ritter, "Real Time Virtual Laboratory Solution Prototype and Evaluation for Online Engineering Degree Programs," IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 130508–130516, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3334262.

M.L. Chiu, "Transforming The Reality into Virtual Reality – The Influence of Computer Simulation Technologies on the Built Environment," in Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computing for Civil and Building Engineering, vol. 1, Seoul, South Korea, Aug. 1997, pp. 659–664.

Z. Nurbekova, G. Aimicheva, K. Baigusheva, T. Sembayev, and M. Mukametkali, "A Decision-Making Platform for Educational Content Assessment Within a Stakeholder-Driven Digital Educational Ecosystem," International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP), vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 4–23, Oct. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v13i7.41689.

S. Jain and M. Kaur, "Design and Implementation of an IoT-based automated EC and pH Control System in an NFT-based Hydroponic Farm," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 13078–13081, Feb. 2024, https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6393.

A. H. Blasi, M. A. Abbadi, and R. Al-Huweimel, "Machine Learning Approach for an Automatic Irrigation System in Southern Jordan Valley," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 6609–6613, Feb. 2021, https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3944.

L. M. Mosley, P. Rengasamy, and R. Fitzpatrick, "Soil pH: Techniques, challenges and insights from a global dataset," European Journal of Soil Science, vol. 75, no. 6, 2024, Art. no. e70021, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70021.

Standard Test Methods for pH of Soils, ASTM D4972-19, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2019.

Soils. Methods of Laboratory Determination of Density, ST RK 1285-2004, Committee for Technical Regulation and Metrology, Astana, Kazakhstan, 2004.

F. I. Aneke and D. Kalumba, "Investigating combined effects of saturation–desaturation cycles and cyclic stress resistance of reinforced biopolymer-treated soil," IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1336, no. 1, Feb. 2024, Art. no. 012001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1336/1/012001.

Zh. Kusbergenova,, A. Tulebekova, and I. Zhumadilov, "Обзор использования уреолитических бактерий в процессе биоцементации грунта /A review of the use of ureolytic bacteria in the process of cementation of soils," Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Technical Science and Technology Series, vol. 146, no. 1, pp. 158–176, Mar. 2024, https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2024-146-1-158-176.

A. M. Al-Mahbashi and A. Almajed, "The Role of Biopolymers on the Water Retention Capacity of Stabilized Sand," Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 19, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 8612, https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198612.

J. Kirkpatrick and W. K. Kirkpatrick, The Kirkpatrick Four Levels™: A Fresh Look After 50 Years, 1959–2009, Kirkpatrick Partners, April 2009.

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
A. S. Tulebekova, A. K. Aldungarova, D. Yessentay, A. O. Sagybekova, and A. G. Belov, “Development and Validation of a Soil pH Monitoring Algorithm”, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 26765–26770, Oct. 2025.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 6
PDF Downloads: 2

Metrics Information