Design and Analysis of a 2D Photonic Crystal-Based WDM Demultiplexer Using Cavity and Quasi-Waveguide Bend Coupling
Received: 29 April 2025 | Revised: 18 June 2025 | Accepted: 28 June 2025 | Online: 2 August 2025
Corresponding author: Abdelali Boudissa
Abstract
This paper proposes a four-channel demultiplexer based on 2-Dimensional Photonic Crystal (2DPC) cavities and quasi-waveguide bends for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and examines the performance parameters of the demultiplexer, such as transmission efficiency, passband width, Q-factor, and crosstalk. The proposed demultiplexer consists of a bus waveguide, drop quasi-waveguide bends, and cavities, in which the output ports are arranged in a way that reduces channel interference or crosstalk. When simulating the performance of the device, the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) approach was used and the results showed an average transmission coefficient of 91.87%, a spectral width of 0.2 nm, and an average quality factor of 7,658.5. The device achieved crosstalk levels ranging from -18.69 dB (optimal performance) to -9.262 dB (minimum performance), optimizing it for high-performance Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) and optical communication systems.
Keywords:
photonic crystal, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) demultiplexer, cavity, Q-factor crosstalk, 2D- Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD)Downloads
References
J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light - Second Edition, 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Y. Bouazzi, N. B. Ali, H. Alsaif, A. Boudjemline, Y. Trabelsi, and A. Torchani, "Computational Modeling of Quasi-Periodic Rudin-Shapiro Multilayered Band Gap Structure," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 5603–5607, Jun. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3455
J. B. Pendry, "Calculating photonic band structure," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 8, no. 9, Oct. 1996, Art. no. 1085. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/8/9/003
A. Boudissa and M. Benslama, "Simulation effects of lateral coupling between L3 cavity and two quasi waveguides bends in 2D Photonic Crystal Bandpass Filter," in 2012 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Tangiers, Morocco, Feb. 2012, pp. 1152–1156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMCS.2012.6320156
A. Boudissa and M. Benslama, “Designing a GaAs photonic crystals narrow band filter,” International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), vol. 4, no. 6, Dec. 2011.
Y. Zhuang, K. Ji, W. Zhou, and H. Chen, "Design of a DWDM Multi/Demultiplexer Based on 2-D Photonic Crystals," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 28, no. 15, pp. 1669–1672, Dec. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2016.2566662
O. El Mansouri and A. Labbani, "Analysis of a Modified Y-Branch CWDM Demultiplexer Based on Photonic Crystal Structure," Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, vol. 23, no. 1, Mar. 2024, Art. no. e2024280819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/217910742024v23i1280819
A. Ghaffari, F. Monifi, M. Djavid, and M. S. Abrishamian, "Analysis of Photonic Crystal Power Splitters with Different Configurations," Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1416–1425, Aug. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.1416.1425
V. Zabelin et al., "Self-collimating photonic crystal polarization beam splitter," Optics Letters, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 530–532, Mar. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.32.000530
Y. Wang, H. Lv, T. Jiang, and K. Zhang, "Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer at 1550 nm using magnetically-coupled switches based on a photonic crystal," Optik, vol. 192, Sep. 2019, Art. no. 162878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.05.084
M. Khatibi Moghaddam, A. R. Attari, and M. M. Mirsalehi, "Improved photonic crystal directional coupler with short length," Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 47–53, Jan. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2010.01.004
H. Alipour-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, and F. Mehdizadeh, "Optical wavelength demultiplexer based on photonic crystal ring resonators," Photonic Network Communications, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 146–150, Apr. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-014-0483-x
G. Manzacca, D. Paciotti, A. Marchese, M. S. Moreolo, and G. Cincotti, "2D photonic crystal cavity-based WDM multiplexer," Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 164–170, Nov. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2007.03.003
V. Kannaiyan, R. Savarimuthu, and S. K. Dhamodharan, "Performance analysis of an eight channel demultiplexer using a 2D-photonic crystal quasi square ring resonator," Opto-Electronics Review, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 74–79, Jun. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.opelre.2017.05.003
V. R. Balaji, M. Murugan, S. Robinson, and G. Hegde, "A Novel Hybrid Channel DWDM Demultiplexer Using Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals Meeting ITU Standards," Silicon, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 617–628, Jan. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00902-7
A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed. Boston, MA, USA: Artech House Publishers, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/0471654507.eme123
M. Qiu and S. He, "A nonorthogonal finite-difference time-domain method for computing the band structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal with dielectric and metallic inclusions," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 87, no. 12, pp. 8268–8275, Jun. 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.373537
J.-P. Berenger, "A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves," Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 185–200, Oct. 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1994.1159
K. Sakoda, Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals, 2nd ed., vol. 80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b138376
M. Djavid, F. Monifi, A. Ghaffari, and M. S. Abrishamian, "Heterostructure wavelength division demultiplexers using photonic crystal ring resonators," Optics Communications, vol. 281, no. 15, pp. 4028–4032, Aug. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.04.045
M. R. Rakhshani and M. A. Mansouri-Birjandi, "Heterostructure four channel wavelength demultiplexer using square photonic crystals ring resonators," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 26, no. 13, pp. 1700–1707, Sep. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2012.709927
N. D. Gupta and V. Janyani, "Dense wavelength division demultiplexing using photonic crystal waveguides based on cavity resonance," Optik, vol. 125, no. 19, pp. 5833–5836, Oct. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.07.024
R. Talebzadeh, M. Soroosh, and T. Daghooghi, "A 4-Channel Demultiplexer Based on 2D Photonic Crystal Using Line Defect Resonant Cavity," IETE Journal of Research, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 866–872, Nov. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2016.1217175
V. Kannaiyan, R. Savarimuthu, and S. K. Dhamodharan, "Investigation of 2D-photonic crystal resonant cavity based WDM demultiplexer," Opto-Electronics Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 108–115, May 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.opelre.2018.01.002
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdelali Boudissa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
