Optimizing CHAdeMO Bidirectional Charging and V2G Operation Using an Enhanced Thunderstorm Algorithm
Received: 26 April 2025 | Revised: 9 June 2025 and 2 July 2025 | Accepted: 5 July 2025 | Online: 9 September 2025
Corresponding author: Arif Nur Afandi
Abstract
Two-way fast charging in CHAdeMO-based Electric Vehicles (EVs) is considered a potential solution in the transition from sustainable energy systems. However, challenges regarding the thermal efficiency and battery degradation persist. This study aims to optimize the charging system through the enhanced Thunderstorm Algorithm (TA), designed to respond adaptively to the battery conditions and grid demand. A strategy focusing on the safety, efficiency, and longevity of battery charging is developed, while optimally integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) features. The simulation was carried out numerically using the Python programming language, for a lithium-ion battery model with a capacity of 71.4 kWh, an operating temperature limit of 50 °C, and a charging efficiency of 95%. In addition, this method implements temperature-penalty, State of Charge (SoC), and State of Health (SoH)-based dynamic current control, with automatic V2G activation when the SoC exceeds 20%. During the 180 min of the simulation, a comparison scenario is also performed in the form of a constant current-based baseline method. The results suggest that the TA method decreased the average temperature of the battery to 44.2 °C compared to 47.5 °C of the baseline scenario. Additionally, the final SoC was enhanced from 97.3% to 99.2%, the final SoH from 97.1% to 98.7%, and the battery life usage decreased from 2.25% to 1.84%. The average charging power was also increased with higher efficiency without the risk of overheating. The comparison between the two methods confirms the advantages of adaptive strategies in balancing the charging speed, battery health, and energy integration into the grid. It can be concluded that the use of the improved TA significantly enhances the performance of the two-way fast charging system and provides a significant contribution to the development of smart grid infrastructure.
Keywords:
Chademo protocol, V2g integration, thunderstorm optimization algorithm, Dc fast charging, battery degradation, adaptive charging controlDownloads
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