A Dual Band Monopole Antenna with Slots for Wireless Applications
Received: 29 March 2025 | Revised: 26 April 2025 and 10 May 2025 | Accepted: 15 May 2025 | Online: 6 October 2025
Corresponding author: Mustafa Ghanim
Abstract
A compact dual-band portable antenna operating at 1.8 and 2.4 GHz was designed and implemented for various applications of communication systems, such as wearable and wireless device systems. The dual-band operation of the proposed antenna enables it to be used in a rapidly changing array of applications that meet the demands of modern communication technologies, such as the Global System for Mobiles (GSM) at 1.8 GHz, Digital Communication System (DCS) at 1.71–1.88 GHz, Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz, Wi-Fi at 2.4–2.454 GHz, and Bluetooth at 2.4–2.5 GHz. The design is also based on slot technology for miniaturization, achieving dual-band operation, and reducing the unwanted surface currents. The proposed method miniaturizes the antenna while achieving good efficiency in both frequency bands. The preliminary design of the antenna was performed by simulation using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite, the most advanced electromagnetic simulator. The results indicate excellent radiation efficiency of 92.59% and 96.75% at 1.8 and 2.45 GHz, respectively, as well as gain, S11 ≤ -10 dB, and radiation pattern stability. Consequently, the compact size and high performance of the proposed antenna offers excellent opportunities for wearable or portable devices and other wireless communication systems.
Keywords:
wireless applications, monopole antenna, slot antenna, FR4, global system for mobilesDownloads
References
A. N. Muhi, M. Q. Algburi, H. Abdulkarim, and M. Ghanim, "Innovative Designs for Enhanced Connectivity for 3G and 4G Cellular Networks," in 2024 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET), Bandung, Indonesia, Nov. 2024, pp. 56–61.
C. B. Nsir, J. M. Ribero, C. Boussetta, and A. Gharsallah, "Design of a 1×2 CPW Fractal Antenna Array on Plexiglas Substrate with Defected Ground Plane for Telecommunication Applications," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 7897–7903, Dec. 2021.
Y. E. Hachimi, E. M. Louragli, S. A. N. Arockiam, V. Subramanian, S. Das, and A. Farchi, "Design of a Miniaturized Dual-Band Antenna using Slotted Techniques for 2.45/5.8 GHz Microwave Band RFID Utilizations," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 20018–20023, Feb. 2025.
D. Ghosh, A. Nandi, U. Chakraborty, B. Basu, and S. Choudhury, "Conformal Multiband Antenna for Wearable and Gesture-Sensing Applications," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 670–682, Jan. 2025.
S. Rezaeeahvanouee and Y. Tousi, "Analytical Study of Configurable Multiport Patch Antenna for 2-D Beam Synthesis," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1109–1113, May 2025.
K. Aafizaa, K. Uma Haimavathi, and S. Saravanan, "Recent Innovations in Microstrip Patch Antennas: Biomedical Uses and Wireless Integration," Biomedical Materials & Devices, Feb. 2025.
A. A. Abdulhasan, A. J. Salim, and J. K. Ali, "A Swastika-like fractal-based compact quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide X-Band resonator," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3169, no. 1, Feb. 2025, Art. no. 040035.
M. Y. Muhsin, A. J. Salim, and J. K. Ali, "An eight-element multi-band MIMO antenna system for 5G mobile terminals," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2651, no. 1, Mar. 2023, Art. no. 060005.
H. Q. Al-Gburi, M. Algburi, and H. Al-Saedi, "Compact Antenna Design for RFID and IoT Applications," in 2022 2nd International Conference on Computing and Machine Intelligence (ICMI), Istanbul, Turkey, Jul. 2022, pp. 1–4.
B. Yin, P. Chen, L. Tan, X. Fu, and X. Sheng, "Ultra-narrow size slotted sleeve multi-band antenna for mining wireless repeaters," Electromagnetics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 291–304, May 2025.
A. Kumar, M. Aljaidi, M. Singh, M. S. Alshammari, A. A. Alsuwaylimi, and S. M. Alenezi, "Recent Trends in Compact Planar Antennas at 5G Sub-6 GHz and mmWave Frequency Bands for Automotive Wireless Applications: A Review," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 143, pp. 169–180, 2024.
K. Li, T. Dong, and Z. Xia, "Wideband Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with Fork-Shaped Stub," Electronics, vol. 8, no. 3, Mar. 2019, Art. no. 347.
M. A. Gburi and M. Ilyas, "A Novel Design Reconfigurable Antenna Based on the Metamaterial for Wearable Applications," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1973, no. 1, Aug. 2021, Art. no. 012042.
U. Ali, S. Ullah, A. Basir, B. Kamal, L. Matekovits, and H. Yoo, "Design and SAR Analysis of AMC-Based Fabric Antenna for Body-Centric Communication," IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 73894–73911, 2023.
S. M. Ali et al., "Wearable and Flexible Sensor Devices: Recent Advances in Designs, Fabrication Methods, and Applications," Sensors, vol. 25, no. 5, Jan. 2025, Art. no. 1377.
M. Q. Algburi, Wearable Antenna Design for Iot and Biomedical Applications. Saarbrücken, Germany: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2022.
A. L. Sharon Giftsy, U. K. Kommuri, and R. P. Dwivedi, "Flexible and Wearable Antenna for Biomedical Application: Progress and Opportunity," IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 90016–90040, 2024.
U. Sharma, G. Srivastava, M. K. Khandelwal, and R. Roges, "Design Challenges and Solutions of Multiband MIMO Antenna for 5G/6G Wireless Applications: A Comprehensive Review," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 104, pp. 69–89, 2024.
M.-A. Chung, K.-X. Chen, C.-C. Hsu, and C.-W. Lin, "A 10 × 10 Multi-Band MIMO Antenna System for LTE, 5G, Wi-Fi 7, and X-Band Communication Applications," IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 28693–28710, 2025.
M. Y. Muhsin, Z. S. Muqdad, A. H. Sahar, Z. F. Mohammad, and H. AL-Saedi, "Ultra-wideband Antenna System Design for Future mmWave Applications," Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 67–73, Mar. 2025.
M. Czyz, J. Olencki, and A. Bekasiewicz, "A compact spline-enhanced monopole antenna for broadband/multi-band and beyond UWB applications," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 146, Mar. 2022, Art. no. 154111.
S. Saleh, T. Saeidi, N. Timmons, and F. Razzaz, "A comprehensive review of recent methods for compactness and performance enhancement in 5G and 6G wearable antennas," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 95, pp. 132–163, May 2024.
A. Ashyap, R. Raad, F. Tubbal, W. A. Khan, and S. Abulgasem, "Comprehensive Review of Wearable Antennas With Flexible Periodic Structures for Body-Effect Mitigation," IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 22590–22636, Jan. 2025.
P. Routray and D. Ghosh, "Wide-band metamaterial absorber for sub-6 GHz 5G applications: Reducing specific absorption rate," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 193, Mar. 2025, Art. no. 155709.
L. C. Paul et al., "A low-profile antenna with parasitic elements and a DGS-based partial ground plane for 5G/WMAN applications," Discover Applied Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 22.
H. Kisioglu, "Multiband antenna design with a defected ground structure for 5G and X-band applications," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 190, Feb. 2025, Art. no. 155651.
K. Jaiswal, S. Yadav, N. Yadav, and R. S. Yadav, "Analysis of Different Feeding Techniques of Butterfly-Shaped Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Application," IETE Journal of Research, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 3647–3656, Sep. 2022.
C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3st ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.
J. Kulkarni, "Multi-Band Printed Monopole Antenna Conforming Bandwidth Requirement of Gsm/Wlan/Wimax Standards," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, vol. 91, pp. 59–66, 2020.
W. M. Abdulkawi, W. A. Malik, S. U. Rehman, A. Aziz, A. F. A. Sheta, and M. A. Alkanhal, "Design of a Compact Dual-Band MIMO Antenna System with High-Diversity Gain Performance in Both Frequency Bands," Micromachines, vol. 12, no. 4, Apr. 2021, Art. no. 383.
A. Ghaffar et al., "A Flexible and Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna with Small Dimensions and Simple Layout for Wireless Communication Systems Operating over 1.65–2.51 GHz," Electronics, vol. 10, no. 5, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 601.
L. Chen, H. Zhang, Z. Chen, Y. Zhang, J. Yao, and Y. Xing, "Design of Low-profile Dual-band Antenna for IoT Applications," in 2019 3rd International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering (EITCE), Xiamen, China, Oct. 2019, pp. 1805–1809.
M. Wang, L. Yang, and Y. Shi, "A dual-port microstrip rectenna for wireless energy harvest at LTE band," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 126, Nov. 2020, Art. no. 153451.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohaimen Q Algburi, Mustafa Ghanim, Ayman N Muhi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
