Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of HAp/SiO₂/PLA Composite Derived from Goat Jawbone

Authors

  • Tharumar Gangadharan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti-626115, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Chockalingam Palanisamy Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia
  • Gurusamy Duraipandian Sivakumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti-626115, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Veillan Ramachandran Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti-626115, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Devanand Selvakumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti-626115, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Ervina Efzan Mohd Noor Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia
Volume: 15 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 24159-24167 | August 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10926

Received: 12 March 2025 | Revised: 30 March 2025 and 6 April 2025 | Accepted: 9 April 2025 | Online: 6 June 2025


Corresponding author: Chockalingam Palanisamy

Abstract

Biomaterials like nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) closely mimic the mineral makeup of real bones. This research is centered around the synthesis of nHAp (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) using goat jawbone. After being ball-milled for 4 hr at 150 rpm, the bone underwent a 10 °C/min controlled rate heat treatment to 300 °C, 600 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C. With a lattice strain ranging from ε = 91.49 to 12.16, the nHAp crystallite size varied between 3.61 nm and 21.87 nm when measured using the Scherrer method and 1.41 nm and 14.16 nm when measured using the Williamson-Hall method while a porosity range of 81.5% to 84.5% of the nHAp derived from goat jawbone was observed. The composite's mechanical properties were enhanced by adding bio-inert ceramics SiO₂, which helped overcome the nHAp's poor fracture toughness and lack of flexibility. Composites of HAp, SiO₂, and PLA with different weight percentages were created using the co-precipitation technique. In order to characterize the material, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze its structure and morphology. The made composites had a compressive strength of 43.26 MPa and porosity ranging from 78.65% to 85.25%.

Keywords:

goat jawbone, nano hydroxyapatite, PLA, SiO2, biocomposite

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[1]
T. Gangadharan, C. Palanisamy, G. D. Sivakumar, V. Ramachandran, D. Selvakumar, and E. E. Mohd Noor, “Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of HAp/SiO₂/PLA Composite Derived from Goat Jawbone”, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 24159–24167, Aug. 2025.

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Copyright (c) 2025 Tharumar Gangadharan, Chockalingam Palanisamy, Gurusamy Duraipandian Sivakumar, Veillan Ramachandran, Devanand Selvakumar, Ervina Efzan Mohd Noor

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