Resource Assessment of a Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) System with Artificial Intelligence Applications in Lake Mainit, Philippines
Received: 22 February 2022 | Revised: 27 February 2022 | Accepted: 27 February 2022 | Online: 6 March 2022
Corresponding author: J. Dellosa
Abstract
The Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) system is an emerging solar PV installation, gaining traction primarily due to its distinct advantages over other forms of installations. FSPV mainly solves the problem when land area is scarce and the power plant capacity is on the megawatt (MW) scale. This paper investigates the resource potential of FSPV, specifically in Lake Mainit, Caraga Region, Philippines. This study implemented a descriptive research design to identify the resources needed to implement an FSPV system in the said lake. The Lake Mainit area can generate 762.96MWh per year. Accounting for the needs of the community, the resources needed to put up the FSPV should satisfy the 35,640Whr daily energy requirement of the community. Based on the analysis, the computed FSPV system size is 9.90kWp. The components required to implement an Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated monitoring and data processing system for fault diagnosis and detection to help mitigate impact to the FSPV system with the undesirable weather conditions were also identified.
Keywords:
floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV), renewable energy systems, artificial intelligence, machine learningDownloads
References
J. Weiss, The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review. Mandaluyong, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2009.
L. Bessa, "Green Governance, Green Peace: A Program of International Exchange in Environmental Governance, Community Resource Management, and Conflict Resolution", 2005.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis," 2013, Accessed: Mar. 02, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://119.78.100.173/C666//handle/2XK7JSWQ/10794.
Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, "Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report, Summary for Policy Makers", 2014.
International Energy Agency, "South East Asia Energy Outlook, Special Report", 2013.
Y. Kassem, H. Camur, and O. a. M. Abughinda, "Solar Energy Potential and Feasibility Study of a 10MW Grid-connected Solar Plant in Libya," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 5358–5366, Aug. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3607
J. T. Dellosa, "Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU)," International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 179–185, Oct. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185
I. Takayabu et al., "Climate change effects on the worst-case storm surge: a case study of Typhoon Haiyan," Environmental Research Letters, vol. 10, no. 6, Mar. 2015, Art. no. 064011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/064011
I. Stoddard et al., "Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven’t We Bent the Global Emissions Curve?," Annual Review of Environment and Resources, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 653–689, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011104
P. Köppinger, Climate Report 2014. Energy Security and Climate Change Worldwide, 2014.
"Renewable energy and climate pledges: Five years after the Paris Agreement," https://www.irena.org/publications/2020/Dec/Renewable-energy-and-climate-pledges (accessed Mar. 02, 2022).
H. Camur, Y. Kassem, and E. Alessi, "A Techno-Economic Comparative Study of a Grid-Connected Residential Rooftop PV Panel: The Case Study of Nahr El-Bared, Lebanon," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 6956–6964, Apr. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4078
Renewable capacity highlights. International Renewable Energy Agency, 2021.
A. Sahu, N. Yadav, and K. Sudhakar, "Floating photovoltaic power plant: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 66, pp. 815–824, Sep. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.051
A. B. Karaveli, U. Soytas, and B. G. Akinoglu, "Comparison of large scale solar PV (photovoltaic) and nuclear power plant investments in an emerging market," Energy, vol. 84, pp. 656–665, Feb. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.025
S. R. Ara, S. Paul, and Z. H. Rather, "Two-level planning approach to analyze techno-economic feasibility of hybrid offshore wind-solar pv power plants," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 47, Jul. 2021, Art. no. 101509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101509
M. G. Stewart, D. V. Val, E. Bastidas-Arteaga, A. J. O’Connor, and X. Wang, "Climate Adaptation Engineering and Risk-based Design and Management of Infrastructure," in Maintenance and Safety of Aging Infrastructure, D. M. Frangopol and Y. Tsompanakis, Eds. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2014, pp. 641–684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b17073-21
H. Liu, A. Kumar, and T. Reindl, "The Dawn of Floating Solar—Technology, Benefits, and Challenges," in World Conference On Floating Solutions, Singapore, Singapore, Apr. 2019, pp. 373–383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8743-2_21
H. Rauf, M. S. Gull, and N. Arshad, "Complementing hydroelectric power with floating solar PV for daytime peak electricity demand," Renewable Energy, vol. 162, pp. 1227–1242, Sep. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.017
World Bank Group, ESMAP, and SERIS, Where Sun Meets Water: Floating Solar Handbook for Practitioners. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, 2019.
M. Padilha Campos Lopes, S. de Andrade Neto, D. Alves Castelo Branco, M. A. Vasconcelos de Freitas, and N. da Silva Fidelis, "Water-energy nexus: Floating photovoltaic systems promoting water security and energy generation in the semiarid region of Brazil," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 273, Aug. 2020, Art. no. 122010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122010
M. Redon-Santafe, P. S. Ferrer-Gisbert, F. Sanchez-Romero, J. B. Torregrosa Soler, J. J. Ferran Gozalvez, and C. M. Ferrer Gisbert, "Implementation of a photovoltaic floating cover for irrigation reservoirs," Journal of cleaner production, vol. 66, pp. 568–570, Mar. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.006
K. Trapani and D. L. Millar, "Proposing offshore photovoltaic (PV) technology to the energy mix of the Maltese islands," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 67, pp. 18–26, Nov. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.10.022
J. Song and Y. Choi, "Analysis of the Potential for Use of Floating Photovoltaic Systems on Mine Pit Lakes: Case Study at the Ssangyong Open-Pit Limestone Mine in Korea," Energies, vol. 9, no. 2, Feb. 2016, Art. no. 102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en9020102
H. M. Pouran, "From collapsed coal mines to floating solar farms, why China’s new power stations matter," Energy Policy, vol. 123, pp. 414–420, Sep. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.010
K. Trapani and D. L. Millar, "Floating photovoltaic arrays to power the mining industry: A case study for the McFaulds lake (Ring of Fire)," Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 898–905, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12275
M. Acharya and S. Devraj, Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV): A Third Pillar to Solar PV Sector. New Delhi, India: The Energy and Resources Institute, 2019.
E. Solomin, E. Sirotkin, E. Cuce, S. P. Selvanathan, and S. Kumarasamy, "Hybrid Floating Solar Plant Designs: A Review," Energies, vol. 14, no. 10, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 2751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102751
A. Jager-Waldau, "Snapshot of photovoltaics − March 2021," EPJ Photovoltaics, vol. 12, 2021, Art. no. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2021002
"Typhoon-proof floating solar plant marks operational milestone in the Philippines," Offshore Energy, Aug. 20, 2021. https://www.offshore-energy.biz/typhoon-proof-floating-solar-plant-marks-operational-milestone-in-the-philippines/ (accessed Mar. 02, 2022).
T. S. Hartzell, "Evaluating potential for floating solar installations on Arizona water management infrastructure," Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Arizona, Arizona, AR, USA, 2016.
R. Cazzaniga, M. Cicu, M. Rosa-Clot, P. Rosa-Clot, G. M. Tina, and C. Ventura, "Floating photovoltaic plants: Performance analysis and design solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 81, pp. 1730–1741, Jan. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.269
R. Cazzaniga and M. Rosa-Clot, "The booming of floating PV," Solar Energy, vol. 219, pp. 3–10, Feb. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.09.057
M. AlShabi and M. El Haj Assad, "Artificial Intelligence applications in renewable energy systems," in Design and Performance Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems, M. E. H. Assad and M. A. Rosen, Eds. Cambridge, MA, United States: Academic Press, 2021, pp. 251–295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821602-6.00018-3
B. K. Bose, "Artificial intelligence applications in renewable energy systems and smart grid–Some novel applications," in Power Electronics in Renewable Energy Systems and Smart Grid, New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2019, pp. 625–675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119515661.ch12
A. Mellit and S. Kalogirou, "Artificial intelligence and internet of things to improve efficacy of diagnosis and remote sensing of solar photovoltaic systems: Challenges, recommendations and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 143, Mar. 2021, Art. no. 110889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110889
T. Lachumanan, R. Singh, M. I. Shapiai, and T. J. S. Anand, "Analysis of a Multilevel Voltage-Based Coordinating Controller for Solar-Wind Energy Generator: A Simulation, Development and Validation Approach," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 7793–7799, Dec. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4489
R. D. Guerrero, "Philippine lakes: status and strategies for sustainable development," National Academy of Science and Technology, vol. 21, pp. 278–286, 1999.
"Solar resource maps of Philippines." https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/philippines (accessed Mar. 02, 2022).
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 J. Dellosa, E. V. Palconit
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.