Coordinated Start and Automated Vehicle Platoons for Arterial Intersection Improvement to Solve the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem

Ngoc Anh  Cao; Tran Bich Thao; Ngo Sy Dong; Pham Huu Truyen; Nguyen Viet Hung

doi:10.48084/etasr.11809

Authors

Ngoc Anh Cao University of Economics - Technology for Industries, Hanoi, Vietnam | VNU Information Technology Institute, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tran Bich Thao University of Economics - Technology for Industries, Hanoi, Vietnam
Ngo Sy Dong Vietnam Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Pham Huu Truyen Vinh University of Technology Education, Vinh, Vietnam
Nguyen Viet Hung International Training and Cooperation Institute, East Asia University of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

Volume: 15 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 25978-25983 | August 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.11809

Received: 29 April 2025 | Revised: 17 May 2025 | Accepted: 25 May 2025 | Online: 15 July 2025

Corresponding author: Nguyen Viet Hung

Abstract

Road intersections often serve as critical congestion points along urban arterials, leading to a reduction in roadway capacity. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been employed to enhance traffic flow and mitigate urban congestion, serving as a solution to address the Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) impacted by various incidents, which can range from severe to non-severe. This study proposes a novel method that leverages platooning within automatic car-following systems for vehicles stationary at red traffic signals. The method enables coordinated acceleration as the signal transitions to green, allowing a greater number of vehicles to pass through the intersection during a single green phase compared to conventional, manually driven vehicles. To evaluate this approach, a new simulator tailored for connected vehicle applications was developed to design and assess the performance of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) platoons. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed CACC-based strategy significantly enhances traffic mobility and intersection throughput.

Keywords:

arterial intersection, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), coordinated start, connected vehicles, car platooning

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

. Li, L. Zhu, and B. Ji, "Enhancing energy management through driving style recognition in vehicular communication systems," Journal of Control Engineering and Applied Informatics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 88–98, Jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61416/ceai.v26i2.9013

N. V. Hung, D. L. Luu, N. S. Dong, and C. Lupu, "Reducing Time Headway for Cooperative Vehicle Following in Platoon via Information Flow Topology," Journal of Control Engineering and Applied Informatics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 77–87, Jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61416/ceai.v26i2.8834

R. Bîlbîie, C. Dimon, and D. Popescu, "Efficiency for Routing Networks Management in Supplier-customer Distribution Systems," Studies in Informatics and Control, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 51–58, Jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24846/v33i2y202405

F. Perronnet, A. Abbas-Turki, and A. El Moudni, "Vehicle routing through deadlock-free policy for cooperative traffic control in a network of intersections: Reservation and congestion," in 17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Qingdao, China, Oct. 2014, pp. 2233–2238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2014.6958034

J. Ying and Y. Feng, "Infrastructure-Assisted cooperative driving and intersection management in mixed traffic conditions," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 158, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 104443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2023.104443

L. Feng, X. Zhao, Z. Chen, and L. Song, "An adaptive coupled control method based on vehicles platooning for intersection controller and vehicle trajectories in mixed traffic," IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1459–1476, Aug. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12523

R. Wu, H. Jia, Q. Huang, J. Tian, H. Gao, and G. Wang, "Multi-Lane Unsignalized Intersection Cooperation Strategy Considering Platoons Formation in a Mixed Connected Automated Vehicles and Connected Human-Driven Vehicles Environment," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 1569–1585, Feb. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2023.3310481

Q. Zhou et al., "A safety-enhanced eco-driving strategy for connected and autonomous vehicles: A hierarchical and distributed framework," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 156, Nov. 2023, Art. no. 104320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2023.104320

C. Ren, L. Wang, C. Yin, Z. Wang, X. Chen, and J. Li, "Research on the Platoon Speed Guidance Strategy at Signalized Intersections in the Connected Vehicle Environment," Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. 2023, pp. 1–25, Jun. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9984537

N. V. Hung, D. L. Luu, Q. T. Pham, and C. Lupu, "Comparative analysis of different spacing policies for longitudinal control in vehicle platooning," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Aug. 2024.

J. Wu and X. Qu, "Intersection control with connected and automated vehicles: a review," Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 260–269, Oct. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICV-06-2022-0023

T. Ataman, M. A. Biberci, and M. B. Celik, "Simulation of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems for a Dynamic Vehicle Model," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 16553–16558, Oct. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.8294

M. Liu, M. Wang, and S. Hoogendoorn, "Optimal Platoon Trajectory Planning Approach at Arterials," Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, vol. 2673, no. 9, pp. 214–226, Sep. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119847474

A. G. Ulsoy, H. Peng, and M. Çakmakci, Automotive Control Systems, 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844577

K. Dresner and P. Stone, "A Multiagent Approach to Autonomous Intersection Management," Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, vol. 31, pp. 591–656, Mar. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.2502

S. Huang, A. W. Sadek, and Y. Zhao, "Assessing the Mobility and Environmental Benefits of Reservation-Based Intelligent Intersections Using an Integrated Simulator," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1201–1214, Sep. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2012.2186442

M. Amoozadeh, H. Deng, C.-N. Chuah, H. M. Zhang, and D. Ghosal, "Platoon management with cooperative adaptive cruise control enabled by VANET," Vehicular Communications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 110–123, Apr. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2015.03.004

M. Tsujii, H. Takeuchi, K. Oda, and M. Ohba, "Application of Self-Tuning to Automotive Cruise Control," in 1990 American Control Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, May 1990, pp. 1843–1848. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/ACC.1990.4791048

D. L. Luu, H. T. Pham, T. B. Nguyen, S. T. Ha, and C. Lupu, "A Platoon Control Method based on Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles in Traffic Flow," in The Seventh International Conference on Research in Intelligent and Computing in Engineering, Feb. 2022, pp. 15–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15439/2022R51

K. J. Åström and T. Hägglund, Advanced PID control. Research Triangle Park, NC: ISA - The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Soc, 2006.

J. Ploeg, B. T. M. Scheepers, E. Van Nunen, N. Van De Wouw, and H. Nijmeijer, "Design and experimental evaluation of cooperative adaptive cruise control," in 2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Washington, DC, USA, Oct. 2011, pp. 260–265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2011.6082981