El Affaki, O. et al. 2025. Operational Excellence supported by Lean Management Tools, IATF 16949 Automotive Standard, and Industry 4.0 Pillars: Evidence from Automotive Companies in Morocco. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 15, 3 (Jun. 2025), 22718–22724. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10600.