Α Modified EMD-ACWA Denoising Scheme using a Noise-only Model
Abstract
This paper describes a modified denoising approach combining Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Adaptive Center-Weighted Average (ACWA) filter. The Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), resulting from the EMD decomposition of a noisy signal, are filtered by the ACWA filter, according to the noise level estimated in each IMF via a noise-only model. The noise levels of IMFs are estimated by the characteristics of fractional Gaussian noise through EMD. It is found that this model provides a better estimation of noise compared to the absolute median deviation of the signal used in the conventional method. The proposed EMD-ACWA scheme is tested on simulation and real data with different white Gaussian noise levels and the results are compared with those obtained by the conventional EMD-ACWA, EMD Interval Thresholding (EMD-IT) and wavelet methods. Test results show that the proposed approach has a superior performance over the other methods considered for comparison.
Keywords:
empirical mode decomposition, adaptive center weighted average, noise-only model, signal denoisingDownloads
References
K. Khaldi, M. T. H. Alouane, A. O. Boudraa, “Speech denoising by adaptive weighted average filtering in the EMD framework”, 2nd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Monastir, Tunisia, November 7-9, 2008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2008.4746884
M. Rakshit, S. Das, “An efficient ECG denoising methodology using empirical mode decomposition and adaptive switching mean filter”, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Vol. 40, pp. 140-148, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2017.09.020
M. V. Sarode, P. R. Deshmukh, “Image sequence denoising with motion estimation in color image sequences”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 139-143, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.54
J. G. Proakis, D. G. Manolakis, Digital signal processing: Principles, algorithms, and applications, Prentice-Hall, 1996
D. L. Donoho, “De-noising by soft-thresholding”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 613-627, 1995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/18.382009
T. T. Cai, B. W. Silverman, “Incorporating information on neighbouring coefficients into wavelet estimation”, Sankhya: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 127-148, 2001
T. F. Sanam, C. Shahnaz, “Noisy speech enhancement based on an adaptive threshold and a modified hard thresholding function in wavelet packet domain”, Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 941-951, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2012.12.001
A. Mnassri, M. Bennasr, C. Adnane, “A robust feature extraction method for real-time speech recognition system on a raspberry Pi 3 board”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 4066-4070, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2533
N. E. Huang, Z. Shen, S. R. Long, M. C. Wu, H. H. Shin, Q. Zheng, N. C. Yen, C. C. Tung, H. H. Liu, “The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, Vol. 454, No. 971, pp. 903-995, 1998 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1998.0193
Z. Wu, N. E. Huang, “A study of the characteristics of white noise using the empirical mode decomposition method”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, Vol. 460, No. 2046, pp. 1597-1611, 2004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2003.1221
P. Flandrin, G. Rilling, P. Goncalves, “Empirical mode decomposition as filter bank”, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 112-114, 2004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2003.821662
G. Rilling, P. Flandrin, P. Goncalves, “Empirical mode decomposition, fractional Gaussian noise and Hurst exponent estimation”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Philadelphia, USA, March 23-23, 2005
B. G. Jeong, B. C. Kim, Y. H. Moon, I. K. Eom, “Simplified noise model parameter estimation for signal-dependent noise”, Signal Processing, Vol. 96, No. 2, pp. 266-273, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.10.002
S. Kumar, D. Panigrahy, P. K. Sahu, “Denoising of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal by using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with non-local mean (NLM) technique”, Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 297-312, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2018.01.005
S. Poovarasan, E. Chandra, “Speech enhancement using sliding window empirical mode decomposition and hurst-based technique”, Archives of Acoustics, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 429-437, 2019
A. O. Boudraa, J. C. Cexus, Z. Saidi, “EMD-based signal noise reduction”, International Journal of Signal Processing, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33-37, 2004
A. O. Boudraa, J. C. Cexus, “Denoising via empirical mode decomposition”, IEEE International Symposium on Control Communications and Signal Processing, Marrakech, Morocco, March, 2006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPA.2007.4555624
Y. Kopsinis, S. Mclanglin, “Development of EMD-based denoising methods inspired by wavelet thresholding”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 1351-1362, 2009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2009.2013885
K. Khaldi, M. T. H. Alouane, A. O. Boudraa, “Voiced speech enhancement based on adaptive filtering of selected intrinsic mode functions”, Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 65-80, 2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793536910000409
J. S. Lee, “Digital image enhancement and noise filtering by use of local statistics”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. PAMI-2, No. 2, pp. 165-168, 1980 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.1980.4766994
S. J. Ko, Y. H. Lee, “Center weighted median filters and their applications to image enhancement”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 984-993, 1991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/31.83870
http://www.repository.voxforge1.org/downloads/SpeehCorpus/Trunk/Audio/Main/16kHz_16bit
http: //www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/nstdb
P. Flandrin, G. Rilling, P. Goncalves, “EMD equivalent filter banks, from interpretation to applications”, in: Hilbert-Huang Transform and its Applications, World Scientific, pp. 57-74, 2005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812703347_0003
D. Klatt, “Prediction of perceived phonetic distance from critical-band spectra: A first step”, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Paris, France, May 3-5, 1982
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.